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By M. Bacon
This publication introduces geophysicists and geologists to the means of reading 3-D seismic facts. the themes it covers comprise uncomplicated structural interpretation and map-making; using three-D visualization tools; interpretation of seismic amplitudes; the iteration and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets; and time-lapse seismic mapping. Written by means of specialist geophysicists with decades of operating event within the oil undefined, the booklet could be essential for graduate scholars, researchers, and new entrants into the petroleum undefined.
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Extra info for 3-D Seismic Interpretation
Example text
The high-velocity layer leads to a large amount of ray-bending for the P-wave ray-path and a lack of angular coverage at depth. The ray-paththat containsthe P to S conversionthrough the high-velocity layer is much simpler and gives larger angular coverage at ths target. Gas-saturatedsedimentsare very disruptive to the passageof P-wave energy. The P-wave reflection will therefore be weak and highly scattered On the other hand, the reflected S-waves are not affected by the presence of gas and travel through undisfurbed.
Merge navigationwith seismicheaders 7. Normal moveout (NMO) conection, K-litter, tracedrop, inverseNMO 8. Sphericaldivergencegain conections 9. Deconvolutionbetbre stack 10. Shot interpolation to double fold in CMP gathers I I . Radon demultiple on interpolatedgathers 12. High-frequencynoise removal 13. Drop of interpolatedtraces 14. 5 m on near to 50 m on far offsets 15. Sort to common offset 16. Dip moveout (including approximateNMO) halving the number ofoffset planeson output 17. Pre-stack time migration using constant velocity 1600 m/s 18.
Resamplefrom 2 to,l ms 4. Low cut filter (5/12 minimum phasefilter) 5. Removebad traces 6. Merge navigationwith seismicheaders 7. Normal moveout (NMO) conection, K-litter, tracedrop, inverseNMO 8. Sphericaldivergencegain conections 9. Deconvolutionbetbre stack 10. Shot interpolation to double fold in CMP gathers I I . Radon demultiple on interpolatedgathers 12. High-frequencynoise removal 13. Drop of interpolatedtraces 14. 5 m on near to 50 m on far offsets 15. Sort to common offset 16. Dip moveout (including approximateNMO) halving the number ofoffset planeson output 17.