
By Ira M. Lapidus
Lengthy thought of a vintage, A background of Islamic Societies is now that rather more precious a reference for common readers and students alike. extensively praised for its balanced and entire account, Ira Lapidus' paintings has been totally revised in its insurance of every kingdom and zone of the Muslim international via 2001. It comprises the origins and evolution of Islamic societies and brings into concentration the old methods that gave form to the manifold types of modern Islam. The concluding chapters survey the becoming impression of the Islamist events inside of nationwide states and of their transnational or international dimensions, together with the Islamic revival, Islamist politics and terrorism. An up-to-date dialogue of the jobs of girls in Islamic societies is further, with new sections approximately Afghanistan and Muslims in Europe, the US, and the Philippines. Ira M. Lapidus is Professor Emeritus of heritage on the collage of California at Berkeley. His many books and articles contain Islam, Politics and Social routine (University of California Press, 1988) and Muslim towns within the Later center a while (Cambridge, 1984).
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Les conqu êtes allai ent faire que des peuples non sémites allaient entrer dans l' Islam . Et ces peupl es co nnaissa ient et appréciaient l'art fi guratif - en parti culier la rrilni ature. Il en est de même de la littérature comme Les mille ef U/le III/ifS qui ne parlaient pas du désert d'Arabie mais étaient surtout co nstitu ées d'emprunts étrangers, l' Inde, la Perse, la C hin e. Ce que veul ent les intégristes islami stes, c'est dissoci e r ce tt e civili sat ion qualifiée d'âge d'or e t métissée d'apports étrangers de la culture islamique telle qu'elle s'é tait co nstitu ée à M édine avec le prophète M aho met pour guide.
La norme est au cœur du comportement du musulman en ce qui concerne le culte, mais aussi le mode de vie. Le 40 . Nonne virtuelle, idéale, th éori qu e contenu e dans le Coran et la Sunna . C'est la réglementati o n coranique et les injon ctions proph étiques à l' état brut, sa ns intervention des j uristes. 41 . Ce sont les quatre écoles de droit musulman , élaborées par des jurisconsultes (malékite, c haféîte, hanbalite , han éfite), à partir du Coran et de la Sunna, principalement. 93 droit musulman est à la base de la cultu re islamique.
Sourate 3, v. 85 / 91 : « Ceux qui ne croient pas et qui meurent infidèles, il ne sera jamais accepté d'au cun d ' eux de se rach eter même si pour cela il donnait le contenu en or, de la terre. lis auront un châtiment douloure ux , et ils n'auront point d e secoureurs. » Faut-il s'arrêter sur l'attitude politicoreligieuse de l'Islam qui condamne à mort les apostats? Pour ces apostats, mêm e l'intercession du Prophète n'y fera rien. Sourate 9, v. 81 / 80: « Si tu demandes pardon pour eux soixante-dix foi s Dieu ne leur pardonnera pas, parce qu ' il s so nt absolument incrédul es envers Dieu et son prophète .