Coastal Lagoon Processes by Bjorn Kjerfve

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By Bjorn Kjerfve

It is a broad-based overview of the environmental, oceanographic, engineering, and administration elements of coastal lagoons summarized in a handy unmarried quantity. A finished literature evaluate, in addition to references upload to the application of this quantity, growing a useful source for teachers, scientists, and laymen.

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Such barriers may have been initiated by coastal emergence, when wave action in shallowing water began to re-shape the sea floor in such a way as to pile up sand or gravel on an alignment some distance off (and parallel to) the former coastline. , 19781, but coastal emergence is not essential for barrier initiation. Providing nearshore waters are shallow, and there is a n abundance of unconsolidated sediment on the sea floor, wave action can build up a barrier while sea level remains stable, or even during a slow marine transgression.

Parts of the sandy barriers on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States are still moving intermittently landward as the outcome of storm ovenvash and the drifting of dunes driven by onshore winds. In places they consist largely of coalescent ovenvash fans formed by successive storm surges and trimmed back by wave action along the seaward margin (Leatherman, 1979, 1981). Elsewhere, the barriers have remained in position parallel to the pre-existing coastline, and some have been widened seaward by progradation resulting from the arrival of more sandy sediment on their shores.

Usually the water is fresh or slightly brackish, but during droughts salinity increases as sea water spreads in along the connecting channel. Some coastal lagoons have been sufficiently cut off from the sga by enclosing impermeable barriers to become fresh water lakes. Slapton Ley, in south-west England (Fig. 41, is an example (Mercer, 19661, while the Murray-mouth lagoons in South Australia (Fig. 5) have become fresh after their entrances were artificially sealed by barrages (Bird, 1962). In New Zealand, the Waitangitaona River changed its course during a flood in 1967 to flow to the mouth of Okarito Lagoon, which was thus freshened.

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