By Evgenii A. Romankevich
My paintings Geochemistry oj natural topic within the ocean first seemed in Russian in 1978. on account that then a lot development has been made within the exploration of assorted varieties of natural subject within the ocean: dissolved, colloidal, natural subject sus pended in debris and that contained in backside sediments and in interstitial waters. the perfect facts is located in hundreds of thousands of articles and a number of other re view works, reminiscent of Andersen (1977), Biogeochimie de [a matiere organique a ['interjace eau-sedimentmarine (1980), Duursma and Dawson (1981). a large amount of latest details has been received within the Soviet Union's medical associations at the composition and distribution in ordinary waters and backside sediments of natural topic and its separate parts enjoying a very important position within the formation of the chemical and organic constitution of the sea and its productiveness, within the biogeochemistry of the weather and geochemistry of natural topic within the Earth's sedimentary hide. The parts of exploration have accelerated during the last four-and-a-half years to include many new, little-known areas, together with the Arctic seas. unlike the 3 preceeding a long time, the examine has been considering investigating the present types, the distribution and accumulation of natural subject in close to continental oceanic zones among land and sea, and in river estuaries.
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After the works ofUdden (1894), Thoulet (1908), Free (1917) (cited by Bruyevich and Gudkov 1954) it was thought for a long time that the quantity of eolian material carried by air currents exceeded the input of particulate matter with river runoff. , Lisitzin 1974). Data on the content of OM in the eolian suspended material are few today. Ketseridis et al. (1976), Simoneit (1977) discovered that atmospheric suspended material in European and Atlantic air masses contained fatty acids, phenols, amines, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Until the mid-sixties, therefore, determinations of dissolved carbon were done by using the methods of oxidizability in neutral, acidic and alkaline media. At present these methods are considered to be less reliable than the direct (after CO 2 org) determinations of dissolved carbon. The results obtained with their aid indicate a varying resistance of OM to oxidation rather than its total content. A great many direct determinations of dissolved carbon in the seas and in different oceans areas have now been made.
Most of them are located in nearcontinental areas with very thick bottom sediments and high tectonic activity. 6 x 106 tons year- I (Wilson et al. 1974). Organic Pollution. In the past decade it became particularly manifest that the biosphere has much suffered from industrial and other wastes with which a great many organic substances are finding their way into the ocean (Vinogradov 1973, Nesterova and Simonov 1979, Monin and Nelepo 1982). They comprise about 6 million tons of oil (according to different estimates, from 2 to 10 million tons) and about 6 million tons of "non-natural" organic compounds which likewise derive their origin from oil, gas and other combustible minerals, as well as from 26 Sources of Organic Matter in the Ocean the phytomass.