Horticulture by Gail M. Lang

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By Gail M. Lang

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The rootstock includes the roots and the lower portion of the stem. The scion is from a plant that produces a fruit with a new trait that the grower wants to reproduce. In a successful graft, the vascular systems will combine and the scion will grow and set fruit on the host’s rootstock. This procedure is often used with apple trees and grapevines. 4 Round-leaved sundews (Drosera rotundifolia) are grown from tissue cultures on a gelatin media in a petri dish. In this process, known as micropropagation, clones are grown from single cells of a callus that formed from a wound inflicted on the parent plant.

The wall of the ovary becomes the pericarp (the outer layer of the fruit) and the fertilized ovules turn into seeds. Fruits can be fleshy or dry. Fleshy Fruits The drupes (olive, plum, cherry) develop from a single ovary with a single ovule that becomes the pit. Pome fruits (apple, pear) grow from a compound ovary with many ovules and have distinct chambers with many seeds. Berries (tomato, pepper, grape) also have many seeds. Pepo fruits (melon, pumpkin, squash, cucumber) are fleshy with many seeds and a hard rind.

When the plant gets ready to go dormant, it stops producing chlorophyll and the red and yellow pigments become visible. Cultural requirements include the amount of sun and water required by plants, the preferred temperature and soil type, and nutrient needs as described in Chapter 4. Xeric plants survive periods of drought; they are adapted to hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters. Shade plants, as you may have guessed, like to be shaded from the summer sun. Vegetables are often separated into warm-season and cool-season crops based on the temperatures at which their seeds prefer to germinate.

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