India and Europe: An Essay in Understanding by Wilhelm Halbfass

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By Wilhelm Halbfass

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E. \ and paraphrase of the & ? ~0In Jones' mind," the Vedanta school (which follows the teachings of the Upanisads) was the most important school of Hindu philosophical thought, and Sarikara its I most important commentator. He expected that a full treatment of the VediintusUtras would yield an important contribution to the general history of philosophy. He translated a short didactic poem attributed to ~arikara, the Mohamudgara, for the first volume of the Asiatic Researches. Still, he never attained a real knowledge of the Vedlnta literature.

These he first received at a much later date, from his friend Le Gentil, the French Envoy at Oudh. 57 The first sample of the translation - four Upanisads in French - appeared in 1787;58the remainder of the complete French translation, which he claimed to have finished, has, however, never been published. Instead, he followed up these initial efforts with a Latin translation (finished in 1795, published in 1801/1802). Anquetil's attempts to locate and study the oldest sources of Indian religion in Sanskrit were indeed unsuccessful;59yet the decisiveness of his approach was important and indicated the direction which later Indological research was to take.

He viewed some of the exemplary institutions and convictions of the Hindus in a manner that was both differentiating and ambivalent. For example, he considered the Brahmanic influence upon the people of India as having been essentially salutary. He found their concept of God "great and beautiful," their morals. " As a result, the populace had been ripe for subjugation. '~It is incom- I patible with the idea of mankind, which Herder saw as the greatest regulative idea in the history of the world.

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