The Feminization of Poverty: Only in America? (Contributions by Gertrude Schaffner Goldberg, Eleanor Kremen

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By Gertrude Schaffner Goldberg, Eleanor Kremen

This examine asks no matter if the feminization of poverty, the tendency of girls and their households to develop into the vast majority of the bad, is exclusive to the us, the place the phenomenon was once first "discovered." Seven industrialized international locations, either capitalist and socialist, with diversified levels of dedication to social welfare are in comparison: Canada, Japan, France, Sweden, Poland, the Soviet Union, and the USA. In all the nations the authors learn information regarding girls, hard work industry stipulations, equalization guidelines, social welfare courses, and demographic variables reminiscent of the premiums of divorce and unmarried parenthood. in keeping with Goldberg and Kremen, it really is attainable to foretell the feminization of poverty while 3 stipulations are current: 1) inadequate efforts to minimize paintings position and salary inequities for ladies; 2) the absence or ineffectiveness of social welfare courses that may redress the associated fee, either fiscal and private, of the twin function that ladies have assumed in industrialized societies; and three) the presence of accelerating premiums of divorce and unmarried motherhood. An array of work marketplace and social welfare courses in use within the six different industrialized countries are then reviewed via the authors for attainable edition within the usa. this crucial paintings could be a priceless source for students around the educational disciplines of political technological know-how, sociology, economics, social paintings, and women's experiences.

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711). Involuntary part-time employment is closely associated with poverty, especially among women who maintain families (Appelbaum, 1987; Kornbluh, 1987). Temporary work, much of it subcontracted from temporary help agencies, is The United States 23 also work done primarily by women, and it has been growing five times faster than the total workforce. Women between the ages of 25 and 54 comprise almost two-thirds of the temporary workforce (Plewes, 1987). By definition, temporary work lacks job stability, and like other forms of contingent work, it tends to be lower in pay and limited in both fringe benefits and opportunities for upward mobility.

Pay Equity The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was the first law in American history to ban sex discrimination (Degler, 1980). Limited to equal work in the same establishment, the Equal Pay Act did not strike at the heart of inequality in employment—sexsegregated occupations. The drive for comparable worth has been a response to the inadequacies of the Equal Pay Act and to the slow pace of affirmative action. In contrast to the latter, which aims to integrate the labor force, comparable worth or pay equity attempts to increase the rewards of a segregated workplace— that is, to raise pay in female-dominated occupations.

514-537). It has been suggested that the low labor force participation rates of young black women are the result of "the staggering amount of unemployment among them" (Wallace, 1980, p. 77; see also Bowen and Finegan, 1969). While much attention has been paid to the unemployment of young black males—and justifiably—little is paid to young black women whose unemployment rates are as high or higher. The unemployment rates of Hispanic women are higher than those of white women but not as steep as those of blacks (Coalition on Women and Unemployment and Full Employment Action Council, 1985).

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